原帖由 <i>采采</i> 于 2009-4-26 08:57 发表<br />
想向您请教学习一下，能指点我阅读几本书或什么文章来证明您的这个观点吗？
也就是
1、几乎没有人否认南京大屠杀本身？（您指的是过去还是现在，在日本情况如何呢，杀人犯的灵位有没有被供奉朝拜呢？）
2、松井石根是因此事而退役的？请教您，后来又如何呢？
3、争议只在30的数字上的话，那么日本认为的数字是多少？国际社会认为的又是多少呢？
4、您认为多少数字才能定义为大屠杀呢？假设我们改称南京事件，您认为是否日本就会比现在更愿意面对这个问题呢？
1.有远东国际军事法庭盖棺定论，这个世界没有人可以否认。70年代开始日本出现关于南京大屠杀的争论，但是官方态度从来没有否认过，1995年村山富士正式向受害国家道歉。灵位和否认屠杀没有直接关系，战犯灵位1978年引入神社，同年签订中日友好条约。
2.松井当时是中支那方面军司令，1937年12月期间
After winning the battles around Shanghai, the Shanghai Expeditionary Force suggested the Imperial General Headquarters in Tokyo to attack Nanking. The Central China Area Army was rearranged and Lieutenant General 朝香宫鸠彦王, an uncle of Emperor Hirohito, was appointed as the commander of the Shanghai Expeditionary Force, while 松井石根 stayed as the commander of Central China Area Army overseeing both the Shanghai Expeditionary Force and the 10th Army. The real nature of 松井石根's authority is however difficult to establish as he was confronted with a member of the imperial family directly appointed by the Emperor. In anticipation of the attack on Nanking, 松井石根 issued orders to his armies that read:
Nanking is the capital of China and the capture thereof is an international affair; therefore, careful study should be made so as to exhibit the honor and glory of Japan and augment the trust of the Chinese people, and that the battle in the vicinity of Shanghai is aimed at the subjugation of the Chinese Army, therefore protect and patronize Chinese officials and people, as afar as possible; the Army should always bear in mind not to involve foreign residents and armies in trouble and maintain close liaison with foreign authorities in order to avoid misunderstandings.
On 10 December 1937, the Shanghai Expeditionary Force began its attack on Nanking, and the Kuomintang forces that remained surrendered on 13 December 1937. The Nanking massacre began immediately afterwards. 松井石根 and 朝香宫鸠彦王 marched triumphantly into Nanking on 17 December 1937.
While 松井石根 himself was not present during the beginning of the atrocities (he was ill at the time), he was aware of what his men were doing in the city, as were members of the Japanese foreign service who had followed the army into the city. Word began to trickle out of Nanking, and growing pressure was placed on the Imperial government to recall the Shanghai Expeditionary Force's officers.
38年松井退役，48年被远东军事法庭判处绞刑。
指挥南京战役的是上海派遣军司令朝香宫鸠彦王，下达屠杀命令的也是此人。朝香宫的皇族身份使得其逃脱一切罪责，战后担任日本高尔夫球会长，死于94岁。
中国方面的南京守备司令唐生智决心与南京共存亡，销毁几乎全部船只，断绝所有平民和军人撤离的可能，兵临城下时候逃脱，留下数十万军民等待杀戮。49年唐生智起义，后担任中华人民共和国湖南省和中南军区担任各种军、政职务，包括湖南省人民政府副主席、副省长、中南军政委员会委员、国防委员会委员等。以及中国国民党革命委员会中央常务委员、全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员，中国人民政治协商会议常务委员会委员等职。1970年4月6日在长沙病逝。这是双方三位最高当事人的结局。
3.远东国际军事法庭认定的是26万，中国官方认定的是30万，日本官方认定的是10万到20万，少数认定的是4万或者更少，甚至否认
数字的分歧在于
Estimates of the total death toll of massacred Chinese vary. The issues involved in calculating the number of victims are largely based on the debatees' definitions of the geographical range and the duration of the event, as well as their definition of the victims.
According to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number of civilians and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking and its vicinity during the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation was over 200,000. These estimates are borne out by the figures of burial societies and other organizations, which testify to over 155,000 buried bodies. These figures do not take into account those persons whose bodies were destroyed by burning, drowning, or other means.[50] The extent of the atrocities is debated between China and Japan, with numbers[51] ranging from some Japanese claims of several hundred,[52] to the Chinese claim of a non-combatant death toll of 300,000[53] A number of Japanese researchers consider 100,000–200,000 to be an approximate value.[54] Other nations believe the death toll to be between 150,000–300,000[55] and another estimate of the civilian toll (excluding soldiers and POWs) is about 40,000-60,000, which corresponds to the figures from three sources; one is the Red Army's official journal of the time, Hangdibao and another is that of Miner Searle Bates of the International Safety Zone Committee, and the third is the aforementioned figure written by John Rabe in a letter [56]. The casualty count of 300,000 was first promulgated in January 1938 by Harold Timperley, a journalist in China during the Japanese invasion, based on reports from contemporary eyewitnesses. Other sources, including Iris Chang's The Rape of Nanking, also conclude that the death toll reached 300,000. In December 2007, newly declassified U.S. government documents revealed an additional toll of around 500,000 in the area surrounding Nanking before it was occupied.[57]
[edit] Range and duration
The most conservative viewpoint is that the geographical area of the incident should be limited to the few km2 of the city known as the Safety Zone, where the civilians gathered after the invasion. Many Japanese historians seized upon the fact that during the Japanese invasion there were only 200,000–250,000 citizens in Nanking as reported by John Rabe, to argue that the PRC's estimate of 300,000 deaths is a vast exaggeration.
However, many historians include a much larger area around the city. Including the Xiaguan district (the suburbs north of Nanjing city, about 31 km2 in size) and other areas on the outskirts of the city, the population of greater Nanjing was running between 535,000 and 635,000 civilians and soldiers just prior to the Japanese occupation.[58] Some historians also include six counties around Nanjing, known as the Nanjing Special Municipality.
The duration of the incident is naturally defined by its geography: the earlier the Japanese entered the area, the longer the duration. The Battle of Nanking ended on December 13, when the divisions of the Japanese Army entered the walled city of Nanking. The Tokyo War Crime Tribunal defined the period of the massacre to the ensuing six weeks. More conservative estimates say the massacre started on December 14, when the troops entered the Safety Zone, and that it lasted for six weeks. Historians who define the Nanking Massacre as having started from the time the Japanese Army entered Jiangsu province push the beginning of the massacre to around mid-November to early December (Suzhou fell on November 19), and stretch the end of the massacre to late March 1938.
[edit] Various estimates
Japanese historians, depending on their definition of the geographical and time duration of the killings, give wide-ranging estimates for the number of massacred civilians, from several thousand to upwards of 200,000.[59]
Chinese language sources tend to place the figure of massacred civilians upwards of 200,000.[59] For example, a postwar investigation by the Nanjing District Court put the number of dead during the incident as 295,525, 76% of them men, 22% women and 2% children.
A 42-part ROC documentary produced from 1995 to 1997, entitled An Inch of Blood For An Inch of Land[60] (一寸河山一寸血), asserts that 340,000 Chinese civilians died in Nanking City as a result of the Japanese invasion, 150,000 through bombing and crossfire in the five-day battle, and 190,000 in the massacre, based on the evidence presented at the Tokyo Trials.
4.这个世界发生过无数起大屠杀，数字远远小于30万，即使让步到日本少数派承认的4万，也是大屠杀。中文叫南京大屠杀，英文叫Nanking Massacre，日语叫南京大虐殺。
历史就是过去发生的事情，清算历史是有个期限的，很遗憾的是，清算这段历史的期限已经过去了，不可能今天再开个军事法庭审判当时的罪犯。历史存在的目的不是为了探寻真相，也不是为了吸取教训，只是为了今天的政治服务。 |
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发表于 2009-4-26 10:45
发表于 2009-4-26 15:34
发表于 2009-4-27 11:23